What is a Dermatologist?
Understanding dermatologists and skin care specialists
A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in conditions affecting the skin, hair, and nails. After completing medical school, dermatologists train for an additional four years — one year of internship plus a three-year dermatology residency. Some go on to subspecialize in areas like dermatopathology, pediatric dermatology, or Mohs micrographic surgery for skin cancer removal.
You might see a dermatologist for a wide range of concerns. Common reasons include persistent acne, eczema, psoriasis, rosacea, suspicious moles, and rashes that haven't responded to over-the-counter treatments. Dermatologists also evaluate hair loss, nail disorders, and chronic skin infections. Many patients are referred by their primary care physician, but in most cases you can book directly with a dermatologist without a referral.
What does a dermatologist treat?
Dermatologists diagnose and manage over 3,000 conditions. On the medical side, they treat autoimmune skin diseases like lupus and dermatomyositis, chronic inflammatory conditions like eczema and psoriasis, and allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis. They also perform full-body skin exams to screen for melanoma and other skin cancers — a practice the American Academy of Dermatology recommends especially for people with fair skin, a history of sunburns, or a family history of skin cancer.
On the procedural side, dermatologists perform biopsies, cryotherapy (freezing off lesions), excisions, laser treatments, and Mohs surgery. Some dermatologists also offer cosmetic services like Botox, chemical peels, and dermal fillers, though these fall outside the medical scope of the specialty.
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, with an estimated one in five Americans developing it by age 70. Early detection through routine skin checks gives you the best chance at straightforward treatment. If you've noticed a changing mole, a sore that won't heal, or a skin condition your primary care doctor hasn't been able to resolve, it's worth seeing a specialist. You can find a dermatologist near you through our directory.